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Permanent magnet electrically switchable
An electrically switchable permanent magnet is permanently magnetic and loses its holding force when an electrical voltage is applied. It is basically the opposite of a classic electromagnet.
This makes it ideal for handling and transport systems with increased safety requirements. They have high holding forces and the load cannot accidentally fall off in the event of a power failure.
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How does an electrically switchable magnet work?
This magnet system contains normal neodymium permanent magnets that provide permanent holding power. Without the power supply, these magnets are permanently magnetic like comparable pot magnets. So what makes a magnet electrically switchable?
In addition to the permanent magnet, a coil is also installed in the steel pot. When electricity is supplied to this coil, it generates an opposing magnetic field that neutralizes the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. This ensures that the holding force is immediately neutralized.
What is an electrically switchable permanent magnet used for?
The ability to switch off the holding force of a permanent magnet at the push of a button opens up a wide range of applications.
Possible uses for switchable magnets:
- Material transport and handling: Electrically switchable permanent magnets are used in manufacturing companies and logistics. Workpieces that have been transported using an electrically switchable magnet, for example, can simply be removed when the power source is switched on.
- Robotics and automation: In automated systems and industrial robots, switchable permanent magnets are used to grip and release metallic parts quickly and precisely, increasing efficiency in production lines.
- Security applications: Switchable magnets are used in magnetic locks and locking systems to lock or release doors or mechanisms. These systems are in demand in security-critical applications, such as in access control systems.
- Magnetic separation processes: In recycling or manufacturing processes, such magnets can be used to selectively separate or sort ferromagnetic materials. Mounted on conveyor belts, the permanent magnet attracts small iron particles from the bulk material. When the electrical current is switched on, these can be dropped at the desired point due to the loss of adhesive force.
Electrically switchable permanent magnet – the difference to an electromagnet
In contrast to an electromagnet, which is only magnetic when electricity is applied, a permanent magnet is permanently magnetic and loses its adhesive force when electricity is applied. The way they work is therefore exactly the opposite.
The reason for this is that a neodymium magnet is used in this variant. This is permanently magnetic and does not lose its adhesive force without external influences. A coil is installed inside the steel pot, right next to this magnet. We already know how this coil works from the classic electromagnet. As soon as electricity flows, this coil creates an opposite magnetic field. This magnetic field neutralizes the magnetic force of the built-in permanent magnet. The holding surface of the switchable magnet is not magnetic as long as current flows.
When the electrical voltage is switched off, the opposite pole magnetic field of the coil immediately disappears. The neodymium magnet, whose magnetic field was neutralized by the coil, can now exert its holding force on the holding surface again.